Coding University

Memory Management in Operating System Memory management is one of the most important functions of an operating system  (OS) . It is responsible for managing the system's main memory (RAM), allocating memory to processes, and ensuring efficient utilization of resources. Without proper memory management, programs may overwrite each other’s data, cause system crashes, or waste valuable memory space. In this complete guide, we will explore memory management techniques, types, algorithms, and real-world implementation. What is memory management? Memory management is the process by which an operating system handles and coordinates computer memory. It allocates portions of memory to programs while ensuring that each process gets sufficient space without interfering with others. The OS performs the following tasks: Tracks memory usage Allocates and deallocates memory space Prevents unauthorized memory access Optimizes memory utilization Why Is Memory M...

Deadlock in Operating Systems Deadlock is one of the most critical and frequently asked topics in Operating Systems . It is widely covered in computer science exams, interviews, and competitive tests . In this article, you’ll learn deadlock in a simple, practical, and exam-ready way. What is Deadlock? A deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are permanently blocked, each waiting for a resource that is currently held by another process. In simple words: everyone is waiting, but no one can proceed. Deadlock Definition Deadlock is a condition in which a set of processes are blocked because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another resource held by another process. 🌍 Real-Life Example of Deadlock Person A has a pen and needs a notebook Person B has a notebook and needs a pen Neither person releases their resource Both keep waiting forever — this situation is called deadlock . Dea...

CPU Scheduling Algorithms in Operating System (OS) CPU scheduling algorithms are a fundamental concept in the operating system.  They determine how the CPU is allocated among multiple processes to ensure efficient system performance. A good scheduling algorithm improves CPU utilization, reduces waiting time, and ensures fairness among processes. What is CPU scheduling? CPU scheduling is the process by which the operating system decides which process in the ready queue will be executed next by the CPU. Since multiple processes may be in memory at the same time, scheduling is essential for multitasking systems. Objectives of CPU Scheduling Maximize CPU utilization Increase system throughput Minimize waiting time Minimize turnaround time Improve response time Ensure fairness Types of Scheduling 1. Preemptive Scheduling In preemptive scheduling, the operating system can interrupt a running process and assign the CPU to another process. Bette...

Is AI Replacing Software Developers in 2026? Reality vs Hype Introduction: The Fear Every Developer Is Feeling Artificial intelligence has become a daily tool for software developers. Tools like ChatGPT , GitHub Copilot , Amazon CodeWhisperer , and Devin AI can now write code, fix bugs, generate tests, and explain complex logic in seconds. Because of this rapid progress, many developers are worried about their future. Social media and tech headlines often claim that AI will replace programmers entirely . Students and junior developers especially fear that software engineering may no longer be a safe career. The real question is not whether AI can write code, but whether it can replace software developers completely . To answer this honestly, we must separate hype from reality. The Rise of AI Coding Tools: What Changed? The rise of AI coding tools began around 2021 , when GitHub Copilot was introduced. It was trained on billions of lines of public code and showed that AI could ass...

Process vs Threads in Operating Systems Process vs Threads in Operating Systems Operating System Course Article Introduction An operating system is responsible for managing system resources and ensuring that multiple programs run efficiently at the same time. Modern systems perform multitasking by executing several activities concurrently. To achieve this, operating systems rely on two fundamental execution units: processes and threads . Although both represent executing tasks, processes and threads differ in memory usage, execution speed, communication methods, and reliability. Understanding these differences is essential for learning CPU scheduling, concurrency, and parallelism. What is a Process? A process is a program that is cur...

Operating systems are fundamental software components that manage computer hardware and software resources, serving as an interface between the user and the computer. The evolution of operating systems has seen significant changes, driven by advancements in hardware and changing user demands (Jia et al., 2024) . Early operating systems were designed for sequential processing, while modern OS are complex systems capable of managing diverse tasks and environments . Types of Operating Systems Operating systems can be broadly classified based on their design philosophy, resource management, and the environment they are intended for. Batch Operating Systems Batch systems are among the earliest types of operating systems. Their primary idea was to process a series of user programs, known as a "batch," sequentially . In these systems, jobs with similar characteristics were grouped and executed one after another without direct user interaction. Once a job was submitted, it was out of...